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The Basilica di San Pietro di Castello ((英語:Basilica of St Peter of Castello)), commonly called San Pietro di Castello, is a Roman Catholic minor basilica of the Patriarch of Venice located in the Castello ''sestiere'' of the Italian city of Venice. The present building dates from the 16th century, but a church has stood on the site since at least the 7th century. From 1451 to 1807, it was the city's cathedral church, though hardly playing the usual dominant role of a cathedral, as it was overshadowed by the "state church" of San Marco, and inconviently located. During its history the church has undergone a number of alterations and additions by some of Venice's most prominent architects. Andrea Palladio received his first commission in the city of Venice from the Patriarch Vincenzo Diedo to re-build the facade and interior of St Pietro, but Diedo's death delayed the project. After St Mark's Basilica became Venice’s official cathedral (it had previously been the private church of the Doge), San Pietro fell into a state of disrepair. It was firebombed during the First World War and only through the efforts of conservation organisations has it been restored to its former state. Its ongoing conservation is now managed through its membership of the Chorus Association of Venetian churches. The church is located on San Pietro di Castello (from which it derives its name), a small island off the eastern end of the main city of Venice. ==History== The earliest structure on the site dates from the 7th century.〔Buckley, ''The Rough Guide to Venice and the Veneto, p. 175〕 It was one of the eight churches founded by St. Magnus ((イタリア語:San Magno)), the Bishop of Oderzo, who came to the Venetian lagoon during this period. At the time there was no city but simply a collection of small communities scattered throughout the marshy islands. In a vision St. Peter ((イタリア語:San Pietro)) appeared to Magnus and instructed him to found a church where he saw oxen and sheep grazing side by side. The location was found and St. Magnus built the church, dedicating it to St. Peter.〔In an alternative version of the legend, St. Magnus found the location already had a church on it dedicated to another Saint. In this version Magnus had the church re-built and re-dedicated it to St. Peter.〕 The first Bishop of Castello was invested in 1091.〔Ruskin, ''The Stones of Venice: The foundations'', p. 351〕 In 1120 a fire destroyed the church requiring a new structure to be built. This was grander than the previous building (as seen on a map drawn by Jacopo de' Barbari in 1500) and had an adjoining baptistery dedicated to St. John the Baptist (since destroyed). In 1451, and despite being some distance from the political and economic centre of the city, San Pietro became the seat of the Patriarch of Venice.〔 Following this the building began to see significant investment. During the 1480s Mauro Codussi rebuilt the church's ''campanile'' using white Istrian stone, the first example of this seen in Venice.〔 Between 1508 and 1524 the Patriarch Antonio Contarini restored the floors and ceiling. At the same time minor chapels were re-built and the church was decorated with new furnishings. In 1558 Andrea Palladio, in his first commission in the city of Venice, prepared an improved design for the facade and interior of San Pietro.〔Weismuller, ''Palladio in Venice'', p 27〕 However, the Patriarch who had commissioned Palladio, Vincenzo Diedo, died before the plans could be implemented. Later, between 1594 and 1596 the architect Francisco Smeraldi implemented a modified and less ambitious version of Palladio's original design, the changes possibly attributable to a lack of funds.〔〔Weismuller, ''Palladio in Venice'', p 22〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=World Monument Fund )〕 In 1807 St Mark's Basilica became Venice’s official cathedral church instead of San Pietro. After 1807 the church saw increased neglect and suffered from firebomb damage during First World War. It wasn't until conservation organisations intervened during the 1970s that the church was restored to its former condition. The church itself is a member of the Chorus Association of Venetian Churches. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Pietro di Castello (church)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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